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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 83 No. 6 June 2000, pp. 3430-3452
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Nijmegen, NL-6525 EZ Nijmegen; and 2Departments of Physiology and Anatomy, Erasmus University Rotterdam, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Goossens, H.H.L.M. and
A. J. Van
Opstal.
Blink-Perturbed Saccades in Monkey. II. Superior Colliculus
Activity. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 3430-3452, 2000. Trigeminal reflex blinks evoked near the onset of a saccade
cause profound spatial-temporal perturbations of the saccade that are
typically compensated in mid-flight. This paper investigates the
influence of reflex blinks on the discharge properties of saccade-related burst neurons (SRBNs) in intermediate and deep layers
of the monkey superior colliculus (SC). Twenty-nine SRBNs, recorded in
three monkeys, were tested in the blink-perturbation paradigm. We
report that the air puff stimuli, used to elicit blinks, resulted in a
short-latency (~10 ms) transient suppression of saccade-related SRBN
activity. Shortly after this suppression (within 10-30 ms), all
neurons resumed their activity, and their burst discharge then
continued until the perturbed saccade ended near the extinguished
target. This was found regardless whether the compensatory movement was
into the cell's movement field or not. In the limited number of trials
where no compensation occurred, the neurons typically stopped firing
well before the end of the eye movement. Several aspects of the
saccade-related activity could be further quantified for 25 SRBNs. It
appeared that 1) the increase in duration of the
high-frequency burst was well correlated with the (two- to threefold)
increase in duration of the perturbed movement. 2) The
number of spikes in the burst for control and perturbed saccades was
quite similar. On average, the number of spikes increased only 14%,
whereas the mean firing rate in the burst decreased by 52%.
3) An identical number of spikes were obtained between
control and perturbed responses when burst and postsaccadic activity
were both included in the spike count. 4) The decrease of
the mean firing rate in the burst was well correlated with the decrease
in the velocity of perturbed saccades. 5) Monotonic
relations between instantaneous firing rate and dynamic motor error
were obtained for control responses but not for perturbed responses.
And 6) the high-frequency burst of SRBNs with short-lead and
long-lead presaccadic activity (also referred to as burst and buildup
neurons, respectively) showed very similar features. Our findings show
that blinking interacts with the saccade premotor system already at the
level of the SC. The data also indicate that a neural mechanism, rather
than passive elastic restoring forces within the oculomotor plant,
underlies the compensation for blink-related perturbations. We propose
that these interactions occur downstream from the motor SC and that the
latter may encode the desired displacement vector of the eyes by
sending an approximately fixed number of spikes to the brainstem saccadic burst generator.
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