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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 84 No. 1 July 2000, pp. 255-273
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
Krishna, B. Suresh and
Malcolm N. Semple.
Auditory Temporal Processing: Responses to Sinusoidally
Amplitude-Modulated Tones in the Inferior Colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 84: 255-273, 2000. Time-varying envelopes are a common feature of acoustic communication
signals like human speech and induce a variety of percepts in human
listeners. We studied the responses of 109 single neurons in the
inferior colliculus (IC) of the anesthetized Mongolian gerbil to
contralaterally presented sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) tones
with a wide range of parameters. Modulation transfer functions (MTFs)
based on average spike rate (rMTFs) showed regions of enhancement and
suppression, where spike rates increased or decreased respectively as
stimulus modulation depth increased. Specifically, almost all IC rMTFs
could be described by some combination of a primary and a secondary
region of enhancement and an intervening region of suppression, with
these regions present to varying degrees in individual rMTFs. rMTF
characteristics of most neurons were dependent on sound pressure level
(SPL). rMTFs in most neurons with "onset" or "onset-sustained"
peri-stimulus time histograms (PSTHs) in response to brief pure tones
showed only a peaked primary region of enhancement. The region of
suppression tended to occur in neurons with "sustained" or
"pauser" PSTHs, and usually emerged at higher SPLs. The secondary
region of enhancement was only found in eight neurons. The lowest
modulation frequency at which the spike rate reached a clear peak
("best modulation frequency" or BMF) was measured. All but two mean
BMFs lay between 0 and 100 Hz. Fifty percent of the 49 neurons tested
over at least a 20-dB range of SPLs showed a BMF variation larger than
66% of their mean BMF. MTFs based on vector strength (tMTFs) showed a
variety of patterns; although mostly similar to those reported from the cochlear nucleus, tMTFs of IC neurons showed higher maximum values, smaller dynamic range with depth, and a lower high-frequency limit for
significant phase locking. Systematic and large increases in phase-lead
commonly occurred as SPL increased. rMTFs measured at multiple carrier
frequencies (Fcs) showed that the
suppressive region was not the result of sideband inhibition. There was
no systematic relationship between BMF and
Fc of stimulation in the cells
studied, even at low carrier frequencies. The results suggest various
possible mechanisms that could create IC MTFs, and strongly support the
idea that inhibitory inputs shape the rMTF by sharpening regions of
enhancement and creating a suppressive region. The paucity of BMFs
above 100 Hz argues against simple rate-coding schemes for pitch.
Finally, any labeled line or topographic representation of modulation
frequency is unlikely to be independent of SPL.
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