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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 84 No. 1 July 2000, pp. 558-569
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139; 2Massachusetts General Hospital Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Charlestown 02129; and 3Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
Moore, Christopher I.,
Chantal E. Stern,
Suzanne Corkin,
Bruce Fischl,
Annette C. Gray,
Bruce R. Rosen, and
Anders M. Dale.
Segregation of Somatosensory Activation in the Human Rolandic
Cortex Using fMRI. J. Neurophysiol. 84: 558-569, 2000. The segregation of sensory
information into distinct cortical areas is an important organizational
feature of mammalian sensory systems. Here, we provide
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence for the
functional delineation of somatosensory representations in the human
central sulcus region. Data were collected with a 3-Tesla scanner
during two stimulation protocols, a punctate tactile condition without
a kinesthetic/motor component, and a kinesthetic/motor condition
without a punctate tactile component. With three-dimensional (3-D)
anatomical reconstruction techniques, we analyzed data in individual
subjects, using the pattern of activation and the anatomical position
of specific cortical areas to guide the analysis. As a complimentary
analysis, we used a brain averaging technique that emphasized the
similarity of cortical features in the morphing of individual subjects
and thereby minimized the distortion of the location of cortical
activation sites across individuals. A primary finding of this study
was differential activation of the cortex on the fundus of the central
sulcus, the position of area 3a, during the two tasks. Punctate tactile stimulation of the palm, administered at 3 Hz with a
5.88log10.mg von Frey filament, activated
discrete regions within the precentral (PreCG) and postcentral (PoCG)
gyri, corresponding to areas 6, 3b, 1, and 2, but did not activate area
3a. Conversely, kinesthetic/motor stimulation, 3-Hz flexion and
extension of the digits, activated area 3a, the PreCG (areas 6 and 4),
and the PoCG (areas 3b, 1, and 2). These activation patterns were
observed in individual subjects and in the averaged data, providing
strong evidence for the existence of a distinct representation within
area 3a in humans. The percentage signal changes in the PreCG and PoCG
regions activated by tactile stimulation, and in the intervening gap
region, support this functional dissociation. In addition to this
distinction within the fundus of the central sulcus, the combination of
high-resolution imaging and 3-D analysis techniques permitted
localization of activation within areas 6, 4, 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 in the
human. With the exception of area 4, which showed inconsistent
activation during punctate tactile stimulation, activation in these
areas in the human consistently paralleled the pattern of activity
observed in previous studies of monkey cortex.
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