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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 84 No. 2 August 2000, pp. 1062-1075
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
Nadeau, H.,
S. McKinney,
D. J. Anderson, and
H. A. Lester.
ROMK1 (Kir1.1) Causes Apoptosis and Chronic Silencing of
Hippocampal Neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 84: 1062-1075, 2000. Lentiviral vectors were constructed to express the
weakly rectifying kidney K+ channel ROMK1 (Kir1.1), either
fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or as a bicistronic
message (ROMK1-CITE-EGFP). The channel was stably expressed in cultured
rat hippocampal neurons. Infected cells were maintained for 2-4 wk
without decrease in expression level or evidence of viral toxicity,
although 15.4 mM external KCl was required to prevent apoptosis of
neurons expressing functional ROMK1. No other trophic agents tested
could prevent cell death, which was probably caused by K+
loss. This cell death did not occur in glia, which were able to support
ROMK1 expression indefinitely. Functional ROMK1, quantified as the
nonnative inward current at
144 mV in 5.4 mM external K+
blockable by 500 µM Ba2+, ranged from 1 to 40 pA/pF.
Infected neurons exhibited a Ba2+-induced depolarization of
7 ± 2 mV relative to matched EGFP-infected controls, as well as a
30% decrease in input resistance and a shift in action potential
threshold of 2.6 ± 0.5 mV. This led to a shift in the relation
between injected current and firing frequency, without changes in spike
shape, size, or timing. This shift, which quantifies silencing as a
function of ROMK1 expression, was predicted from Hodgkin-Huxley models.
No cellular compensatory mechanisms in response to expression of ROMK1
were identified, making ROMK1 potentially useful for transgenic studies
of silencing and neurodegeneration, although its lethality in normal
K+ has implications for the use of K+ channels
in gene therapy.
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