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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 84 No. 3 September 2000, pp. 1488-1496
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Physiology and 2Department of Physics, Laval University, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada; and 3Unité de Neurosciences Intégratives et Computatìonnelles, UPR 2191, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Hô, Nicolas and
Alain Destexhe.
Synaptic Background Activity Enhances the Responsiveness of
Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 84: 1488-1496, 2000. Neocortical pyramidal neurons in vivo are
subject to an intense synaptic background activity but little is known
of how this activity affects cellular responsiveness and what function
it may serve. These issues were examined in morphologically
reconstructed neocortical pyramidal neurons in which synaptic
background activity was simulated based on recent measurements in cat
parietal cortex. We show that background activity can be decomposed
into two components: a tonically active conductance and voltage
fluctuations. Previous studies have mostly focused on the conductance
effect, revealing that background activity is responsible for a
decrease in responsiveness, which imposes severe conditions of
coincidence of inputs necessary to discharge the cell. It is shown
here, in contrast, that responsiveness is enhanced if voltage
fluctuations are taken into account; in this case the model can produce
responses to inputs that would normally be subthreshold. This effect is
analyzed by dissecting and comparing the different components of
background activity, as well as by evaluating the contribution of
parameters such as the dendritic morphology, the distribution of leak
currents, the value of axial resistivity, the densities of
voltage-dependent currents, and the release parameters underlying
background activity. Interestingly, the model's optimal responsiveness
was obtained when voltage fluctuations were of the same order as those
measured intracellularly in vivo. Possible consequences were also
investigated at the population level, where the presence of background
activity allowed networks of pyramidal neurons to instantaneously
detect inputs that are small compared with the classical detection
threshold. These results suggest, at the single-cell level, that the
presence of voltage fluctuations has a determining influence on
cellular responsiveness and that these should be taken into account in models of background activity. At the network level, we predict that
background activity provides the necessary drive for detecting events
that would normally be undetectable. Experiments are suggested to
explore this possible functional role for background activity.
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