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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 84 No. 3 September 2000, pp. 1645-1655
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Psychology and 2Department of Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5C2; 3Advanced Imaging Labs, The John P. Robarts Research Institute; 4Departments of Radiology and Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5K8; and 5Departments of Physiology and Ophthalmology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 4G5, Canada
Connolly, Jason D.,
Melvyn A. Goodale,
Joseph
F. X. Desouza,
Ravi S. Menon, and
Tutis Vilis.
A Comparison of Frontoparietal fMRI Activation During
Anti-Saccades and Anti-Pointing. J. Neurophysiol. 84: 1645-1655, 2000. An anti-saccade, which is a saccade directed
toward a mirror-symmetrical position in the opposite visual field
relative to the visual stimulus, involves at least three separate
operations: covert orienting, response suppression, and coordinate
transformation. The distinction between pro- and anti-saccades can also
be applied to pointing. We used fMRI to compare patterns of brain
activation during pro- and anti-movements, to determine whether or not
additional areas become active during the production of anti-movements.
In parietal cortex, an inferior network was active during
both saccades and pointing that included three foci along the
intraparietal sulcus: 1) a posterior superior parietal area
(pSPR), more active during the anti-tasks; 2) a middle
inferior parietal area (mIPR), active only during the anti-tasks; and
3) an anterior inferior parietal area (aIPR), equally active
for pro- and anti-movement. A superior parietal network was
active during pointing but not saccades and included the following:
1) a medial region, active during anti- but not pro-pointing
(mSPR); 2) an anterior and medial region, more active during
pro-pointing (aSPR); and 3) an anterior and lateral region,
equally active for pro- and anti-pointing (lSPR). In frontal cortex,
areas selectively active during anti-movement were adjacent
and anterior to areas that were active during both the anti- and
pro-tasks, i.e., were anterior to the frontal eye field and the
supplementary motor area. All saccade areas were also active during
pointing. In contrast, foci in the dorsal premotor area, the anterior
superior frontal region, and anterior cingulate were active during
pointing but not saccades. In summary, pointing with central gaze
activates a frontoparietal network that includes the saccade
network. The operations required for the production of anti-movements
recruited additional frontoparietal areas.
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