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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 84 No. 5 November 2000, pp. 2390-2397
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York 10027; and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
Salimi, Iran,
Ian Hollender,
Wendy Frazier, and
Andrew M. Gordon.
Specificity of Internal Representations Underlying Grasping. J. Neurophysiol. 84: 2390-2397, 2000. The present study examines anticipatory control of fingertip forces
during grasping based on the center of mass (CM) of a manipulated
object. Subjects lifted an object using a precision grip while the
fingertip forces and the angle about the vertical axis (roll) were
measured. The object's CM could be shifted to the left or right of the
object's center parallel to the grip axis without changing it's
visual appearance. Subjects performed 20 lifts with the CM in the
center, left, and right side of the object, respectively. Subjects were
instructed to lift the object while preventing it from tilting. Within
three to five lifts, subjects were able to asymmetrically partition the
load force development before lift-off such that it was higher in the
digit opposing the CM. This anticipatory load force partitioning
prevented the object from rolling sideways at lift-off. To determine
whether the internal representation underlying the anticipatory control is specific to the effectors used to form it, subjects performed five
lifts with the right hand with the CM on one side. Following these
lifts, they rotated the object 180° around the vertical axis and
performed one lift with the same hand or they translated the object to
the left side of the body (with or without rotating it) and performed
one lift with the left hand. Despite subjects' explicit knowledge of
the new weight distribution, they were unable to appropriately scale
the load forces at each digit, resulting in a subsequent large roll of
the object. The findings suggest that within a few lifts subjects
achieve a stable internal representation which accounts for the
object's CM and is used to scale the fingertip forces in advance. They
also suggest that this representation, which is used for anticipatory
control of fingertip forces, is specific to the effectors used to form
it. We propose that multiple internal representations may be used
during the anticipatory control of grasping.
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