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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 84 No. 5 November 2000, pp. 2595-2604
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Physiology, Medical Research Council Group in Sensory-Motor Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
Bell, A. H.,
S. Everling, and
D. P. Munoz.
Influence of Stimulus Eccentricity and Direction on
Characteristics of Pro- and Antisaccades in Non-Human Primates. J. Neurophysiol. 84: 2595-2604, 2000. The ability to inhibit reflexes in favor of goal-oriented behaviors is
critical for optimal exploration and interaction with our environment.
The antisaccade task can be used to investigate the ability of subjects
to suppress a reflexive saccade (prosaccade) to a suddenly appearing
visual stimulus and instead generate a voluntary saccade (antisaccade)
to its mirror location. To understand the neural mechanisms required to
perform this task, our lab has developed a non-human primate model. Two
monkeys were trained on a task with randomly interleaved pro- and
antisaccade trials, with the color of the central fixation point (FP)
instructing the monkey to either make a prosaccade (red FP) or an
antisaccade (green FP). In half of the trials, the FP disappeared 200 ms before stimulus presentation (gap condition) and in the remaining
trials, the FP remained visible (overlap condition) during stimulus
presentation. The effect of stimulus eccentricity and direction was
examined by presenting the stimulus at one of eight different radial
directions (0
360°) and five eccentricities (2, 4, 8, 10, and
16°). Antisaccades had longer saccadic reaction times (SRTs), more
dysmetria, and lower peak velocities than prosaccades. Direction errors
in the antisaccade task were more prevalent in the gap condition. The difference in mean SRT between correct pro- and antisaccades, the
anti-effect, was greater in the overlap condition. The difference in
mean SRT between the overlap and the gap condition, the gap effect, was
larger for antisaccades than for prosaccades. The manipulation of
stimulus eccentricity and direction influenced SRT and the proportion
of direction errors. These results are comparable to human studies,
supporting the use of this animal model for investigating the neural
mechanisms subserving the generation of antisaccades.
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