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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 84 No. 6 December 2000, pp. 2786-2798
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
1Laboratory voor Neuro-en Psychofysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; 2Division of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; and 3Department of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews Fife, Scotland KY16 9JU, United Kingdom
Marcar, V. L.,
S. E. Raiguel,
D. Xiao, and
G.
A. Orban.
Processing of Kinetically Defined Boundaries in Areas V1 and V2
of the Macaque Monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 84: 2786-2798, 2000. We recorded responses in 107 cells in the
primary visual area V1 and 113 cells in the extrastriate visual area V2
while presenting a kinetically defined edge or a luminance contrast
edge. Cells meeting statistical criteria for responsiveness and
orientation selectivity were classified as selective for the
orientation of the kinetic edge if the preferred orientation for a
kinetic boundary stimulus remained essentially the same even when the
directions of the two motion components defining that boundary were
changed by 90°. In area V2, 13 of the 113 cells met all three
requirements, whereas in V1, only 4 cells met the criteria of 107 that
were tested, and even these demonstrated relatively weak selectivity. Correlation analysis showed that V1 and V2 populations differed greatly
(P < 1.0 × 10
6, Student's
t-test) in their selectively for specific orientations of
kinetic edge stimuli. Neurons in V2 that were selective for the
orientation of a kinetic boundary were further distinguished from their
counterparts in V1 in displaying a strong, sharply tuned response to a
luminance edge of the same orientation. We concluded that selectivity
for the orientation of kinetically defined boundaries first emerges in
area V2 rather than in primary visual cortex. An analysis of response
onset latencies in V2 revealed that cells selective for the orientation
of the motion-defined boundary responded about 40 ms more slowly, on
average, to the kinetic edge stimulus than to a luminance edge. In
nonselective cells, that is, those presumably responding only to the
local motion in the stimulus, this difference was only about 20 ms. Response latencies for the luminance edge were indistinguishable in
KE-selective and -nonselective neurons. We infer that while responses
to luminance edges or local motion are indigenous to V2, KE-selective
responses may involve feedback entering the ventral stream at a point
downstream with respect to V2.
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