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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 1 January 2001, pp. 146-163
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Cerveau et Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U371, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
Hupé, Jean-Michel,
Andrew C. James,
Pascal Girard, and
Jean Bullier.
Response Modulations by Static Texture Surround in Area V1 of the
Macaque Monkey Do Not Depend on Feedback Connections From
V2. J. Neurophysiol. 85: 146-163, 2001. We analyzed the extracellular responses of 70 V1 neurons (recorded in 3 anesthetized macaque monkeys) to a single oriented line segment (or
bar) placed within the cell classical receptive field (RF), or center
of the RF. These responses could be modulated when rings of bars were
placed entirely outside, but around the RF (the "near" surround
region), as described in previous studies. Suppression was the main
effect. The response was enhanced for 12 neurons when orthogonal bars
in the surround were presented instead of bars having the same
orientation as the center bar. This orientation contrast property is
possibly involved in the mediation of perceptual pop-out. The
enhancement was delayed compared with the onset of the response by
about 40 ms. We also observed a suppression originating specifically
from the flanks of the surround. This "side-inhibition,"
significant for nine neurons, was delayed by about 20 ms. We tested
whether these center/surround interactions in V1 depend on feedback
connections from area V2. V2 was inactivated by GABA injections. We
used devices made of six micropipettes to inactivate the convergent
zone from V2 to V1. We could reliably inactivate a 2- to 4-mm-wide
region of V2. Inactivation of V2 had no effect on the center/surround
interactions of V1 neurons, even those that were delayed. Therefore the
center/surround interactions of V1 neurons that might be involved in
pop-out do not appear to depend on feedback connections from V2, at
least in the anesthetized monkey. We conclude that these properties are
probably shaped by long-range connections within V1 or depend on other
feedback connections. The main effect of V2 inactivation was a decrease
of the response to the single bar for about 10% of V1 neurons. The
decrease was delayed by <20 ms after the response onset. Even the
earliest neurons to respond could be affected by the feedback from V2.
Together with the results on feedback connections from MT (previous
paper), these findings show that feedback connections potentiate the
responses to stimulation of the RF center and are recruited very early
for the treatment of visual information.
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