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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 2 February 2001, pp. 659-670
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
1Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; 2Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and 3Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201; 4Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; and 5Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
Cepeda, C.,
R. S. Hurst,
K. L. Altemus,
J. Flores-Hernández,
C. R. Calvert,
E. S. Jokel,
D.
K. Grandy,
M. J. Low,
M. Rubinstein,
M. A. Ariano, and
M. S. Levine.
Facilitated Glutamatergic Transmission in the Striatum of
D2 Dopamine Receptor-Deficient Mice. J. Neurophysiol. 85: 659-670, 2001. Dopamine (DA) receptors
play an important role in the modulation of excitability and the
responsiveness of neurons to activation of excitatory amino acid
receptors in the striatum. In the present study, we utilized mice with
genetic deletion of D2 or
D4 DA receptors and their wild-type (WT) controls
to examine if the absence of either receptor subtype affects striatal
excitatory synaptic activity. Immunocytochemical analysis verified the
absence of D2 or D4 protein expression in the striatum of receptor-deficient mutant animals. Sharp
electrode current- and whole cell patch voltage-clamp recordings were
obtained from slices of receptor-deficient and WT mice. Basic membrane
properties were similar in D2 and
D4 receptor-deficient mutants and their
respective WT controls. In current-clamp recordings in WT animals, very
little low-amplitude spontaneous synaptic activity was observed. The
frequency of these spontaneous events was increased slightly in
D2 receptor-deficient mice. In addition, large-amplitude depolarizations were observed in a subset of neurons from only the D2 receptor-deficient mutants. Bath
application of the K+ channel blocker
4-aminopyridine (100 µM) and bicuculline methiodide (10 µM, to
block synaptic activity due to activation of
GABAA receptors) markedly increased spontaneous
synaptic activity in receptor-deficient mutants and WTs. Under these
conditions, D2 receptor-deficient mice displayed
significantly more excitatory synaptic activity than their WT controls,
while there was no difference between D4
receptor-deficient mice and their controls. In voltage-clamp recordings, there was an increase in frequency of spontaneous glutamate
receptor-mediated inward currents without a change in mean amplitude in
D2 receptor-deficient mutants. In WT mice,
activation of D2 family receptors with quinpirole decreased spontaneous
excitatory events and conversely sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist,
increased activity. In D2 receptor-deficient
mice, sulpiride had very little net effect. Morphologically, a
subpopulation of medium-sized spiny neurons from
D2 receptor-deficient mice displayed decreased
dendritic spines compared with cells from WT mice. These results
provide evidence that D2 receptors play an
important role in the regulation of glutamate receptor-mediated
activity in the corticostriatal or thalamostriatal pathway. These
receptors may function as gatekeepers of glutamate release or of its
subsequent effects and thus may protect striatal neurons from excessive excitation.
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