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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 2 February 2001, pp. 869-885
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Sobell Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
Baker, S. N.,
R. Spinks,
A. Jackson, and
R. N. Lemon.
Synchronization in Monkey Motor Cortex During a Precision Grip
Task. I. Task-Dependent Modulation in Single-Unit Synchrony. J. Neurophysiol. 85: 869-885, 2001. Neural
synchronization in the cortex, and its potential role in information
coding, has attracted much recent attention. In this study, we have
recorded long spike trains (mean, 33,000 spikes) simultaneously from
multiple single neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) of two
conscious macaque monkeys performing a precision grip task. The task
required the monkey to use its index finger and thumb to move two
spring-loaded levers into a target, hold them there for 1 s, and
release for a food reward. Synchrony was analyzed using a time-resolved
cross-correlation method, normalized using an estimate of the
instantaneous firing rate of the cell. This was shown to be more
reliable than methods using trial-averaged firing rate. A total of 375 neurons was recorded from the M1 hand area; 235 were identified as
pyramidal tract neurons. Synchrony was weak [mean k' = 1.05 ± 0.04 (SD)] but widespread among pairs of M1 neurons
(218/1359 pairs with above-chance synchrony), including output neurons.
Synchrony usually took the form of a broad central peak [average
width, 18.7 ± 8.7 (SD) ms]. There were marked changes during
different phases of the task. As a population, synchrony was greatest
during the steady hold period in striking contrast to the averaged cell
firing rate, which was maximal when the animal was moving the levers
into target. However, the modulation of synchrony during task
performance showed considerable variation across individual cell pairs.
Two types of synchrony were identified: oscillatory (with periodic side
lobes in the cross-correlation) and nonoscillatory. Their relative
contributions were quantified by filtering the cross-correlations to
exclude either frequencies from 18 to 37 Hz or all higher and lower
frequencies. At the peak of population synchrony during the hold
period, about half (51.7% in one monkey, 56.2% in the other) of
the synchronization was within this oscillatory bandwidth. This study
provides strong support for assemblies of neurons being synchronized
during specific phases of a complex task with potentially important
consequences for both information processing within M1 and for the
impact of M1 commands on target motoneurons.
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