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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 2 February 2001, pp. 886-899
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Neurology and 2Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
Bense, Sandra,
Thomas Stephan,
Tarek A. Yousry,
Thomas Brandt, and
Marianne Dieterich.
Multisensory Cortical Signal Increases and Decreases During
Vestibular Galvanic Stimulation (fMRI). J. Neurophysiol. 85: 886-899, 2001. Functional magnetic resonance
imaging blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal increases
(activations) and BOLD signal decreases ("deactivations") were
compared in six healthy volunteers during galvanic vestibular (mastoid)
and galvanic cutaneous (neck) stimulation in order to differentiate
vestibular from ocular motor and nociceptive functions. By calculating
the contrast for vestibular activation minus cutaneous activation for
the group, we found activations in the anterior parts of the insula,
the paramedian and dorsolateral thalamus, the putamen, the inferior
parietal lobule [Brodmann area (BA) 40], the precentral gyrus
(frontal eye field, BA 6), the middle frontal gyrus (prefrontal cortex, BA 46/9), the middle temporal gyrus (BA 37), the superior temporal gyrus (BA 22), and the anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 32) as well as in
both cerebellar hemispheres. These activations can be attributed to
multisensory vestibular and ocular motor functions. Single-subject analysis in addition showed distinctly nonoverlapping activations in
the posterior insula, which corresponds to the parieto-insular vestibular cortex in the monkey. During vestibular stimulation, there
was also a significant signal decrease in the visual cortex (BA 18, 19), which spared BA 17. A different "deactivation" was found
during cutaneous stimulation; it included upper parieto-occipital areas
in the middle temporal and occipital gyri (BA 19/39/18). Under both
stimulation conditions, there were signal decreases in the
somatosensory cortex (BA 2/3/4). Stimulus-dependent, inhibitory vestibular-visual, and nociceptive-somatosensory interactions may be
functionally significant for processing perception and sensorimotor control.
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