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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 2 February 2001, pp. 938-950
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
1School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences and 2Department of Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 1H1; 3Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Research, John P. Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 5K8; and 4Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
Martin, Ruth E.,
Bradley G. Goodyear,
Joseph
S. Gati, and
Ravi S. Menon.
Cerebral Cortical Representation of Automatic and Volitional
Swallowing in Humans. J. Neurophysiol. 85: 938-950, 2001. Although the cerebral cortex has been implicated in
the control of swallowing, the functional organization of the human
cortical swallowing representation has not been fully documented.
Therefore, the present study determined the cortical representation of
swallowing in fourteen healthy right-handed female subjects using
single-event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Subjects were scanned during three swallowing activation tasks: a
naïve saliva swallow, a voluntary saliva swallow, and a water
bolus swallow. Swallow-related laryngeal movement was recorded
simultaneously from the output of a bellows positioned over the thyroid
cartilage. Statistical maps were generated by computing the difference
between the magnitude of the voxel time course during 1) a
single swallowing trial and 2) the corresponding control
period. Automatic and volitional swallowing produced activation within
several common cortical regions, the most prominent and consistent
being located within the lateral precentral gyrus, lateral postcentral
gyrus, and right insula. Activation foci within the superior temporal
gyrus, middle and inferior frontal gyri, and frontal operculum also
were identified for all swallowing tasks. In contrast, activation of
the caudal anterior cingulate cortex was significantly more likely in
association with the voluntary saliva swallow and water bolus swallow
than the naïve swallow. These findings support the view that,
in addition to known brain stem areas, human swallowing is represented
within a number of spatially and functionally distinct cortical loci which may participate differentially in the regulation of swallowing. Activation of the insula was significantly lateralized to the right
hemisphere for the voluntary saliva swallow, suggesting a functional
hemispheric dominance of the insula for the processing of swallowing.
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