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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 4 April 2001, pp. 1368-1376
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
1Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454; and 2Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
Chen, Huan-Xin,
Nikolai Otmakhov,
Stefan Strack,
Roger J. Colbran, and
John E. Lisman.
Is Persistent Activity of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase
Required for the Maintenance of LTP?. J. Neurophysiol. 85: 1368-1376, 2001. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent
protein kinase II (CaMKII) is concentrated in the postsynaptic density
(PSD) and plays an important role in the induction of long-term
potentiation (LTP). Because this kinase is persistently activated after
the induction, its activity could also be important for LTP
maintenance. Experimental tests of this hypothesis, however, have given
conflicting results. In this paper we further explore the role of
postsynaptic CaMKII in induction and maintenance of LTP. Postsynaptic
application of a CaMKII inhibitor [autocamtide-3 derived peptide
inhibitor (AC3-I), 2 mM] blocked LTP induction but had no
detectable affect on N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDA)-mediated synaptic transmission, indicating that the primary
function of CaMKII in LTP is downstream from NMDA channel function. We
next explored various methodological factors that could account for
conflicting results on the effect of CaMKII inhibitors on LTP
maintenance. In contrast to our previous work, we now carried out
experiments at higher temperature (33°C), used slices from adult
animals, and induced LTP using a tetanic stimulation. However, we still
found that LTP maintenance was not affected by postsynaptic application
of AC3-I. Furthermore the inhibitor did not block LTP maintenance under
conditions designed to enhance the Ca2+-dependent
activity of protein phosphatases 1 and 2B (elevated Ca2+, calmodulin, and an inhibitor of protein
kinase A). We also tested the possibility that CaMKII inhibitor might
not be able to affect CaMKII once it was inserted into the PSD. In
whole-brain extracts, AC3-I blocked autophosphorylation of both soluble
and particulate/PSD CaMKII with similar potencies although the potency
of the inhibitor toward other CaMKII substrates varied. Thus we were
unable to demonstrate a functional role of persistent
Ca2+-independent CaMKII activity in LTP
maintenance. Possible explanations of the data are discussed.
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