| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 4 April 2001, pp. 1673-1685
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4435
Sommer, Marc A. and
Robert H. Wurtz.
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement,
Memory, and Vision to the Superior Colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 85: 1673-1685, 2001. Many neurons within
prefrontal cortex exhibit a tonic discharge between visual stimulation
and motor response. This delay activity may contribute
to movement, memory, and vision. We studied delay activity sent from
the frontal eye field (FEF) in prefrontal cortex to the superior
colliculus (SC). We evaluated whether this efferent delay activity was
related to movement, memory, or vision, to establish its possible
functions. Using antidromic stimulation, we identified 66 FEF neurons
projecting to the SC and we recorded from them while monkeys performed
a Go/Nogo task. Early in every trial, a monkey was instructed as to
whether it would have to make a saccade (Go) or not (Nogo) to a target
location, which permitted identification of delay activity related to
movement. In half of the trials (memory trials), the target
disappeared, which permitted identification of delay activity related
to memory. In the remaining trials (visual trials), the target remained
visible, which permitted identification of delay activity related to
vision. We found that 77% (51/66) of the FEF output neurons had delay activity. In 53% (27/51) of these neurons, delay activity was modulated by Go/Nogo instructions. The modulation preceded saccades made into only part of the visual field, indicating that the modulation was movement-related. In some neurons, delay activity was modulated by
Go/Nogo instructions in both memory and visual trials
and seemed to represent where to move in general. In other neurons,
delay activity was modulated by Go/Nogo instructions only in memory trials, which suggested that it was a correlate of working memory, or
only in visual trials, which suggested that it was a correlate of
visual attention. In 47% (24/51) of FEF output neurons, delay activity
was unaffected by Go/Nogo instructions, which indicated that the
activity was related to the visual stimulus. In some of these neurons,
delay activity occurred in both memory and visual trials and seemed to
represent a coordinate in visual space. In others, delay activity
occurred only in memory trials and seemed to represent transient visual
memory. In the remainder, delay activity occurred only in visual trials
and seemed to be a tonic visual response. In conclusion, the FEF sends
diverse delay activity signals related to movement, memory, and vision
to the SC, where the signals may be used for saccade generation.
Downstream transmission of various delay activity signals may be an
important, general way in which the prefrontal cortex contributes to
the control of movement.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. A. Berman, W. M. Joiner, J. Cavanaugh, and R. H. Wurtz Modulation of Presaccadic Activity in the Frontal Eye Field by the Superior Colliculus J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2009; 101(6): 2934 - 2942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Murthy, S. Ray, S. M. Shorter, J. D. Schall, and K. G. Thompson Neural Control of Visual Search by Frontal Eye Field: Effects of Unexpected Target Displacement on Visual Selection and Saccade Preparation J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2009; 101(5): 2485 - 2506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. Khayat, A. Pooresmaeili, and P. R. Roelfsema Time Course of Attentional Modulation in the Frontal Eye Field During Curve Tracing J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2009; 101(4): 1813 - 1822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Y. Cohen, P. Pouget, R. P. Heitz, G. F. Woodman, and J. D. Schall Biophysical Support for Functionally Distinct Cell Types in the Frontal Eye Field J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2009; 101(2): 912 - 916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K.-M. Lee and E. L. Keller Neural Activity in the Frontal Eye Fields Modulated by the Number of Alternatives in Target Choice J. Neurosci., February 27, 2008; 28(9): 2242 - 2251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Y. Cohen, P. Pouget, G. F. Woodman, C. R. Subraveti, J. D. Schall, and A. F. Rossi Difficulty of Visual Search Modulates Neuronal Interactions and Response Variability in the Frontal Eye Field J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2007; 98(5): 2580 - 2587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Heinzle, K. Hepp, and K. A. C. Martin A Microcircuit Model of the Frontal Eye Fields J. Neurosci., August 29, 2007; 27(35): 9341 - 9353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Murthy, S. Ray, S. M. Shorter, E. G. Priddy, J. D. Schall, and K. G. Thompson Frontal Eye Field Contributions to Rapid Corrective Saccades J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1457 - 1469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. McPeek Incomplete Suppression of Distractor-Related Activity in the Frontal Eye Field Results in Curved Saccades J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2006; 96(5): 2699 - 2711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. K. Rodgers, D. P. Munoz, S. H. Scott, and M. Pare Discharge Properties of Monkey Tectoreticular Neurons J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2006; 95(6): 3502 - 3511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Churchland and S. G. Lisberger Discharge Properties of MST Neurons That Project to the Frontal Pursuit Area in Macaque Monkeys J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2005; 94(2): 1084 - 1090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Muller, M. G. Philiastides, and W. T. Newsome Inaugural Article: Microstimulation of the superior colliculus focuses attention without moving the eyes PNAS, January 18, 2005; 102(3): 524 - 529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Dean, J. C. Crowley, and M. L. Platt Visual and Saccade-Related Activity in Macaque Posterior Cingulate Cortex J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2004; 92(5): 3056 - 3068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Watanabe and S. Funahashi Neuronal Activity Throughout the Primate Mediodorsal Nucleus of the Thalamus During Oculomotor Delayed-Responses. I. Cue-, Delay-, and Response-Period Activity J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2004; 92(3): 1738 - 1755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Wyder, D. P. Massoglia, and T. R. Stanford Contextual Modulation of Central Thalamic Delay-Period Activity: Representation of Visual and Saccadic Goals J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2004; 91(6): 2628 - 2648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Horwitz, A. P. Batista, and W. T. Newsome Representation of an Abstract Perceptual Decision in Macaque Superior Colliculus J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2004; 91(5): 2281 - 2296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Super, C. van der Togt, H. Spekreijse, and V. A. F. Lamme Correspondence of presaccadic activity in the monkey primary visual cortex with saccadic eye movements PNAS, March 2, 2004; 101(9): 3230 - 3235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Sommer and R. H. Wurtz What the Brain Stem Tells the Frontal Cortex. I. Oculomotor Signals Sent From Superior Colliculus to Frontal Eye Field Via Mediodorsal Thalamus J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2004; 91(3): 1381 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Sommer and R. H. Wurtz What the Brain Stem Tells the Frontal Cortex. II. Role of the SC-MD-FEF Pathway in Corollary Discharge J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2004; 91(3): 1403 - 1423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F. Balan and V. P. Ferrera Effects of Spontaneous Eye Movements on Spatial Memory in Macaque Periarcuate Cortex J. Neurosci., December 10, 2003; 23(36): 11392 - 11401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O. Helminski and M. A. Segraves Macaque Frontal Eye Field Input to Saccade-Related Neurons in the Superior Colliculus J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2003; 90(2): 1046 - 1062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Tanibuchi and P. S. Goldman-Rakic Dissociation of Spatial-, Object-, and Sound-Coding Neurons in the Mediodorsal Nucleus of the Primate Thalamus J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2003; 89(2): 1067 - 1077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. McPeek and E. L. Keller Saccade Target Selection in the Superior Colliculus During a Visual Search Task J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2002; 88(4): 2019 - 2034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ferraina, M. Pare, and R. H. Wurtz Comparison of Cortico-Cortical and Cortico-Collicular Signals for the Generation of Saccadic Eye Movements J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2002; 87(2): 845 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
