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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 5 May 2001, pp. 1969-1985
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculté de Médicine, Université Laval, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
Steriade, M.,
I. Timofeev, and
F. Grenier.
Natural Waking and Sleep States: A View From Inside
Neocortical Neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 85: 1969-1985, 2001. In this first intracellular study of neocortical
activities during waking and sleep states, we hypothesized that
synaptic activities during natural states of vigilance have a decisive impact on the observed electrophysiological properties of neurons that
were previously studied under anesthesia or in brain slices. We
investigated the incidence of different firing patterns in neocortical
neurons of awake cats, the relation between membrane potential
fluctuations and firing rates, and the input resistance during all
states of vigilance. In awake animals, the neurons displaying
fast-spiking firing patterns were more numerous, whereas the incidence
of neurons with intrinsically bursting patterns was much lower than in
our previous experiments conducted on the intact-cortex or isolated
cortical slabs of anesthetized cats. Although cortical neurons
displayed prolonged hyperpolarizing phases during slow-wave sleep, the
firing rates during the depolarizing phases of the slow sleep
oscillation was as high during these epochs as during waking and
rapid-eye-movement sleep. Maximum firing rates, exceeding those of
regular-spiking neurons, were reached by conventional fast-spiking
neurons during both waking and sleep states, and by
fast-rhythmic-bursting neurons during waking. The input resistance was
more stable and it increased during quiet wakefulness, compared with
sleep states. As waking is associated with high synaptic activity, we
explain this result by a higher release of activating neuromodulators,
which produce an increase in the input resistance of cortical neurons.
In view of the high firing rates in the functionally disconnected state of slow-wave sleep, we suggest that neocortical neurons are engaged in
processing internally generated signals.
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