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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 5 May 2001, pp. 2245-2266
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
1Neuroscience Section, Electrotechnical Laboratory, Ibaraki 305, Japan; 2Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and 3Dipartimento di Elettronica, Elettrotecnica ed Informatica, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
Takemura, A.,
Y. Inoue,
K. Kawano,
C. Quaia, and
F. A. Miles.
Single-Unit Activity in Cortical Area MST Associated With
Disparity-Vergence Eye Movements: Evidence for Population
Coding. J. Neurophysiol. 85: 2245-2266, 2001. Single-unit discharges were recorded in the medial superior
temporal area (MST) of five behaving monkeys. Brief (230-ms) horizontal disparity steps were applied to large correlated or anticorrelated random-dot patterns (in which the dots had the same or opposite contrast, respectively, at the two eyes), eliciting vergence eye movements at short latencies [65.8 ± 4.5 (SD) ms].
Disparity tuning curves, describing the dependence of the initial
vergence responses (measured over the period 50-110 ms after the step)
on the magnitude of the steps, resembled the derivative of a Gaussian,
the curves obtained with correlated and anticorrelated patterns having
opposite sign. Cells with disparity-related activity were isolated
using correlated stimuli, and disparity tuning curves describing the dependence of these initial neuronal responses (measured over the
period of 40-100 ms) on the magnitude of the disparity step were
constructed (n = 102 cells). Using objective criteria
and the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, disparity tuning curves were sorted into four groups based on their shapes. A post hoc comparison indicated that these four groups had features in common with
four of the classes of disparity-selective neurons in striate cortex,
but three of the four groups appeared to be part of a continuum. Most
of the data were obtained from two monkeys, and when the disparity
tuning curves of all the individual neurons recorded from either monkey
were summed together, they fitted the disparity tuning curve for that
same animal's vergence responses remarkably well
(r2: 0.93, 0.98). Fifty-six of the
neurons recorded from these two monkeys were also tested with
anticorrelated patterns, and all showed significant modulation of their
activity (P < 0.005, 1-way ANOVA). Further, when all
of the disparity tuning curves obtained with these patterns from either
monkey were summed together, they too fitted the disparity tuning curve
for that same animal's vergence responses very well
(r2: 0.95, 0.96). Indeed, the summed
activity even reproduced idiosyncratic differences in the vergence
responses of the two monkeys. Based on these and other observations on
the temporal coding of events, we hypothesize that the magnitude,
direction, and time course of the initial vergence velocity responses
associated with disparity steps applied to large patterns are all
encoded in the summed activity of the disparity-sensitive cells in MST.
Latency data suggest that this activity in MST occurs early enough to
play an active role in the generation of vergence eye movements at short latencies.
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