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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 85 No. 6 June 2001, pp. 2545-2562
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Paré, Martin and
Robert H. Wurtz.
Progression in Neuronal Processing for Saccadic Eye Movements
From Parietal Cortex Area LIP to Superior Colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 85: 2545-2562, 2001. Neurons in
both the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of the monkey parietal cortex
and the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SC) are
activated well in advance of the initiation of saccadic eye movements.
To determine whether there is a progression in the covert processing
for saccades from area LIP to SC, we systematically compared the
discharge properties of LIP output neurons identified by antidromic
activation with those of SC neurons collected from the same monkeys.
First, we compared activity patterns during a delayed saccade task and
found that LIP and SC neurons showed an extensive overlap in their
responses to visual stimuli and in their sustained activity during the
delay period. The saccade activity of LIP neurons was, however,
remarkably weaker than that of SC neurons and never occurred without
any preceding delay activity. Second, we assessed the dependence of LIP
and SC activity on the presence of a visual stimulus by contrasting
their activity in delayed saccade trials in which the presentation of
the visual stimulus was either sustained (visual trials) or brief
(memory trials). Both the delay and the presaccadic activity levels of the LIP neuronal sample significantly depended on the sustained presence of the visual stimulus, whereas those of the SC neuronal sample did not. Third, we examined how the LIP and SC delay activity relates to the future production of a saccade using a delayed GO/NOGO
saccade task, in which a change in color of the fixation stimulus
instructed the monkey either to make a saccade to a peripheral visual
stimulus or to withhold its response and maintain fixation. The average
delay activity of both LIP and SC neuronal samples significantly
increased by the advance instruction to make a saccade, but LIP neurons
were significantly less dependent on the response instruction than SC
neurons, and only a minority of LIP neurons was significantly
modulated. Thus despite some overlap in their discharge properties, the
neurons in the SC intermediate layers showed a greater independence
from sustained visual stimulation and a tighter relationship to the
production of an impending saccade than the LIP neurons supplying
inputs to the SC. Rather than representing the transmission of one
processing stage in parietal cortex area LIP to a subsequent processing
stage in SC, the differences in neuronal activity that we observed
suggest instead a progressive evolution in the neuronal processing for saccades.
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