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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 1 July 2001, pp. 1-39
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
INVITED REVIEW
Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
Steriade, M.
Impact of Network Activities on Neuronal Properties in
Corticothalamic Systems. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 1-39, 2001. Data from in vivo and in vitro experiments are
discussed to emphasize that synaptic activities in neocortex and
thalamus have a decisive impact on intrinsic neuronal properties in
intact-brain preparations under anesthesia and even more so during
natural states of vigilance. Thus the firing patterns of cortical
neuronal types are not inflexible but may change with the level of
membrane potential and during periods rich in synaptic activity. The
incidences of some cortical cell classes (defined by their responses to
depolarizing current pulses) are different in isolated cortical slabs
in vivo or in slices maintained in vitro compared with the intact
cortex of naturally awake animals. Network activities, which include the actions of generalized modulatory systems, have a profound influence on the membrane potential, apparent input resistance, and
backpropagation of action potentials. The analysis of various oscillatory types leads to the conclusion that in the intact brain, there are no "pure" rhythms, generated in simple circuits, but complex wave sequences (consisting of different, low- and
fast-frequency oscillations) that result from synaptic interactions in
corticocortical and corticothalamic neuronal loops under the control of
activating systems arising in the brain stem core or forebrain
structures. As an illustration, it is shown that the neocortex governs
the synchronization of network or intrinsically generated oscillations in the thalamus. The rhythmic recurrence of spike bursts and spike trains fired by thalamic and cortical neurons during states of decreased vigilance may lead to plasticity processes in neocortical neurons. If these phenomena, which may contribute to the consolidation of memory traces, are not constrained by inhibitory processes, they
induce seizures in which the neocortex initiates the paroxysms and
controls their thalamic reflection. The results indicate that intact-brain preparations are necessary to investigate global brain
functions such as behavioral states of vigilance and paroxysmal activities.
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