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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 1 July 2001, pp. 211-225
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
Ji, Weiqing,
Enquan Gao, and
Nobuo Suga.
Effects of Acetylcholine and Atropine on Plasticity of Central
Auditory Neurons Caused by Conditioning in Bats. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 211-225, 2001. In the big brown bat
(Eptesicus fuscus), conditioning with acoustic stimuli
followed by electric leg-stimulation causes shifts in frequency-tuning
curves and best frequencies (hereafter BF shifts) of collicular and
cortical neurons, i.e., reorganization of the cochleotopic (frequency)
maps in the inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC). The
collicular BF shift recovers 180 min after the conditioning, but the
cortical BF shift lasts longer than 26 h. The collicular BF shift
is not caused by conditioning, as the AC is inactivated during
conditioning. Therefore it has been concluded that the collicular BF
shift is caused by the corticofugal auditory system. The collicular and
cortical BF shifts both are not caused by conditioning as the
somatosensory cortex is inactivated during conditioning. Therefore it
has been hypothesized that the cortical BF shift is mostly caused by
both the subcortical (e.g., collicular) BF shift and the activity of
nonauditory systems such as the somatosensory cortex excited by an
unconditioned leg-stimulation and the cholinergic basal forebrain. The
main aims of our present studies are to examine whether acetylcholine
(ACh) applied to the AC augments the collicular and cortical BF shifts
caused by the conditioning and whether atropine applied to the AC
abolishes the cortical BF shift but not the collicular BF shift, as
expected from the preceding hypothesis. In the awake bat, we made the
following findings. ACh applied to the AC augments not only the
cortical BF shift but also the collicular BF shift through the
corticofugal system. Atropine applied to the AC reduces the collicular
BF shift and abolishes the cortical BF shift which otherwise would be
caused. ACh applied to the IC significantly augments the collicular BF shift but affects the cortical BF shift only slightly. ACh makes the
cortical BF shift long-lasting beyond 4 h, but it cannot make the
collicular BF shift long-lasting beyond 3 h. Atropine applied to
the IC abolishes the collicular BF shift. It reduces the cortical BF
shift but does not abolish it. Our findings favor the hypothesis that
the BF shifts evoked by the corticofugal system, and an increased ACh
level in the AC evoked by the basal forebrain are both necessary to
evoke a long-lasting cortical BF shift.
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