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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 1 July 2001, pp. 339-353
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Sosnik, Ronen,
Sebastian Haidarliu, and
Ehud Ahissar.
Temporal Frequency of Whisker Movement. I. Representations in
Brain Stem and Thalamus. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 339-353, 2001. How does processing of information change
the internal representations used in subsequent stages of sensory
pathways? To approach this question, we studied the representations of
whisker movements in the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways of the
rat vibrissal system. We recently suggested that these two pathways
encode movement frequency in different ways. We proposed that
paralemniscal thalamocortical circuits, functioning as phase-locked
loops (PLLs), translate temporally coded information into a rate code.
Here we focus on the two major trigeminal nuclei of the brain stem,
nucleus principalis and subnucleus interpolaris, and on their thalamic
targets, the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and the medial
division of the posterior nucleus (POm). This is the first study in
which these brain stem and thalamic nuclei were explored together in the same animals and using the same stimuli. We studied both single- and multi-unit activity. We moved the whiskers both mechanically and by
air puffs; here we present air-puff-induced movements because they are
more similar to natural movements than movements induced by mechanical
stimulations. We describe the basic properties of the responses in
these brain stem and thalamic nuclei. The responses in both brain stem
nuclei were similar; responses to air puffs were mostly tonic and
followed the trajectory of whisker movement. The responses in the two
thalamic nuclei were similar during low-frequency stimulations or
during the first pulses of high-frequency stimulations, exhibiting more
phasic responses than those of brain stem neurons. However, with
frequencies >2 Hz, VPM and POm responses differed, generating
different representations of the stimulus frequency. In the VPM,
response amplitudes (instantaneous firing rates) and spike counts
(total number of spikes per stimulus cycle) decreased as a function of
the frequency. In the POm, latencies increased and spike count
decreased as a function of the frequency. Having described the basic
response properties in the four nuclei, we then focus on a specific
test of our PLL hypothesis for coding in the paralemniscal pathway. We
used short-duration air puffs, much shorter than whisker movements
during natural whisking. The activity in this situation was consistent
with the prediction we made on the basis of the PLL hypothesis.
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