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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 2 August 2001, pp. 1057-1061
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
RAPID COMMUNICATION
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics and 2Fishberg Center for Research in Neurobiology, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029; and 3Neurobiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
Orekhova, Irina V.,
Jian Jing,
Vladimir Brezina,
Ralph A. DiCaprio,
Klaudiusz
R. Weiss, and
Elizabeth C. Cropper.
Sonometric Measurements of Motor-Neuron-Evoked Movements of
an Internal Feeding Structure (the Radula) in Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 1057-1061, 2001. In many
systems used to study rhythmic motor programs, the structures that
generate behavior are at least partially internal. In these systems, it
is often difficult to directly monitor neurally evoked movements. As a
consequence, although motor programs are relatively well characterized,
it is generally less clear how neural activity is translated into
functional movements. This is the case for the feeding system of the
mollusk Aplysia. Here we used sonomicrometry to monitor
neurally evoked movements of the food-grasping organ in
Aplysia, the radula. Movements were evoked by intracellular
stimulation of motor neurons that innervate radula muscles that have
been extensively studied in reduced preparations. Nevertheless our
results indicate that the movements and neural control of the radula
are more complex than has been assumed. We demonstrate that motor
neurons previously characterized as radula openers (B48) and closers
(B8, B15, B16) additionally produce other movements. Moreover, we show
that the size of the movement evoked by a motor neuron can depend on
the preexisting state of the radula. Specifically, the motor neurons
B15 and B16 produce large closing movements when the radula is
partially open but produce relatively weak closing movements in a
preparation at rest. Thus the efficacy of B15 and B16 as radula closers
is context dependent.
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