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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 2 August 2001, pp. 541-549
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
INVITED REVIEW
Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
Manley, Geoffrey A.
Evidence for an Active Process and a Cochlear Amplifier in
Nonmammals. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 541-549, 2001. The last two decades have produced a great deal of evidence
that in the mammalian organ of Corti outer hair cells undergo active
shape changes that are part of a "cochlear amplifier" mechanism that increases sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the hearing epithelium. However, many signs of active processes have also been
found in nonmammals, raising the question as to the ancestry and
commonality of these mechanisms. Active movements would be advantageous
in all kinds of sensory hair cells because they help signal detection
at levels near those of thermal noise and also help to overcome fluid
viscosity. Such active mechanisms therefore presumably arose in the
earliest kinds of hair cells that were part of the lateral line system
of fish. These cells were embedded in a firm epithelium and responded
to relative motion between the hair bundle and the hair cell, making it
highly likely that the first active motor mechanism was localized in
the hair-cell bundle. In terrestrial nonmammals, there are many
auditory phenomena that are best explained by the presence of a
cochlear amplifier, indicating that in this respect the mammalian ear
is not unique. The latest evidence supports siting the active process
in nonmammals in the hair-cell bundle and in intimate association with
the transduction process.
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