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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 3 September 2001, pp. 1398-1411
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; 2Laboratory of Brain and Cognition and 3Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and 4College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
Kastner, Sabine,
Peter De Weerd,
Mark A. Pinsk,
M. Idette Elizondo,
Robert Desimone, and
Leslie G. Ungerleider.
Modulation of Sensory Suppression: Implications for Receptive
Field Sizes in the Human Visual Cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 1398-1411, 2001. Neurophysiological
studies in monkeys show that when multiple visual stimuli appear
simultaneously in the visual field, they are not processed
independently, but rather interact in a mutually suppressive way. This
suggests that multiple stimuli compete for neural representation.
Consistent with this notion, we have previously found in humans that
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals in V1 and ventral
extrastriate areas V2, V4, and TEO are smaller for
simultaneously presented (i.e., competing) stimuli than for the same
stimuli presented sequentially (i.e., not competing). Here we
report that suppressive interactions between stimuli are also present
in dorsal extrastriate areas V3A and MT, and we compare these
interactions to those in areas V1 through TEO. To exclude the
possibility that the differences in responses to simultaneously and
sequentially presented stimuli were due to differences in the number of
transient onsets, we tested for suppressive interactions in area V4, in
an experiment that held constant the number of transient onsets. We
found that the fMRI response to a stimulus in the upper visual field
was suppressed by the presence of nearby stimuli in the lower visual
field. Further, we excluded the possibility that the greater fMRI
responses to sequential compared with simultaneous presentations were
due to exogeneous attentional cueing by having our subjects count T's
or L's at fixation, an attentionally demanding task. Behavioral
testing demonstrated that neither condition interfered with performance
of the T/L task. Our previous findings suggested that suppressive
interactions among nearby stimuli in areas V1 through TEO were scaled
to the receptive field (RF) sizes of neurons in those areas. Here we
tested this idea by parametrically varying the spatial separation among
stimuli in the display. Display sizes ranged from 2 × 2° to
7 × 7° and were centered at 5.5° eccentricity. Based on the
effects of display size on the magnitude of suppressive interactions,
we estimated that RF sizes at an eccentricity of 5.5° were <2° in
V1, 2-4° in V2, 4-6° in V4, larger than 7° (but still confined
to a quadrant) in TEO, and larger than 6° (confined to a quadrant) in
V3A. These estimates of RF sizes in human visual cortex are strikingly
similar to those measured in physiological mapping studies in the
homologous visual areas in monkeys.
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