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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 3 September 2001, pp. 1412-1421
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Clinical Neuropharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
Frick, A.,
W. Zieglgänsberger, and
H.-U. Dodt.
Glutamate Receptors Form Hot Spots on Apical Dendrites of
Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 1412-1421, 2001. Apical dendrites of layer V cortical
pyramidal neurons are a major target for glutamatergic synaptic inputs
from cortical and subcortical brain regions. Because innervation from
these regions is somewhat laminar along the dendrites, knowing the
distribution of glutamate receptors on the apical dendrites is of prime
importance for understanding the function of neural circuits in the
neocortex. To examine this issue, we used infrared-guided laser
stimulation combined with whole cell recordings to quantify the spatial
distribution of glutamate receptors along the apical dendrites of layer
V pyramidal neurons. Focally applied (<10 µm) flash photolysis of
caged glutamate on the soma and along the apical dendrite revealed a
highly nonuniform distribution of glutamate responsivity. Up to four
membrane areas (extent 22 µm) of enhanced glutamate responsivity (hot
spots) were detected on the dendrites with the amplitude and integral of glutamate-evoked responses at hot spots being three times larger than responses evoked at neighboring sites. We found no association of
these physiological hot spots with dendritic branch points. It appeared
that the larger responses evoked at hot spots resulted from an increase
in activation of both 
-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
receptors and not a recruitment of voltage-activated sodium or calcium
conductances. Stimulation of hot spots did, however, facilitate the
triggering of both Na+ spikes and
Ca2+ spikes, suggesting that hot spots may serve
as dendritic initiation zones for regenerative spikes.
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