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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 3 September 2001, pp. 1430-1444
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Physiological Science, 2Brain Research Institute, and 3Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; 4Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303; 5Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006; and 6Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow 123007, Russia
Hodgson, J. A.,
S. Wichayanuparp,
M. R. Recktenwald,
R. R. Roy,
G. McCall,
M. K. Day,
D. Washburn,
J. W. Fanton,
I. Kozlovskaya, and
V. R. Edgerton.
Circadian Force and EMG Activity in Hindlimb Muscles of
Rhesus Monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 1430-1444, 2001. Continuous intramuscular electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded
from the soleus (Sol), medial gastrocnemius (MG), tibialis anterior (TA), and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles of Rhesus during normal cage
activity throughout 24-h periods and also during treadmill locomotion.
Daily levels of MG tendon force and EMG activity were obtained from
five monkeys with partial datasets from three other animals. Activity
levels correlated with the light-dark cycle with peak activities in
most muscles occurring between 08:00 and 10:00. The lowest levels of
activity generally occurred between 22:00 and 02:00. Daily EMG
integrals ranged from 19 mV/s in one TA muscle to 3339 mV/s in one Sol
muscle: average values were 1245 (Sol), 90 (MG), 65 (TA), and 209 (VL)
mV/s. The average Sol EMG amplitude per 24-h period was 14 µV,
compared with 246 µV for a short burst of locomotion. Mean EMG
amplitudes for the Sol, MG, TA, and VL during active periods were 102, 18, 20, and 33 µV, respectively. EMG amplitudes that approximated
recruitment of all fibers within a muscle occurred for 5-40 s/day in
all muscles. The duration of daily activation was greatest in the Sol
[151 ± 45 (SE) min] and shortest in the TA (61 ± 19 min). The results show that even a "postural" muscle such as the
Sol was active for only ~9% of the day, whereas less active muscles
were active for ~4% of the day. MG tendon forces were generally very
low, consistent with the MG EMG data but occasionally reached levels close to estimates of the maximum force generating potential of the
muscle. The Sol and TA activities were mutually exclusive, except at
very low levels, suggesting very little coactivation of these
antagonistic muscles. In contrast, the MG activity usually accompanied
Sol activity suggesting that the MG was rarely used in the absence of
Sol activation. The results clearly demonstrate a wide range of
activation levels among muscles of the same animal as well as among
different animals during normal cage activity.
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