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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 4 October 2001, pp. 1877-1883
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; 2Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; 3Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8; and 4Canadian Institute of Health Research Group for Action and Perception and the Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
Misslisch, H. and
D. Tweed.
Neural and Mechanical Factors in Eye Control. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 1877-1883, 2001. Soft tissue
"pulleys" in the orbit alter the paths of the eye muscles in a way
that may simplify the brain's work in implementing Listing's law,
i.e., in holding ocular torsion at zero. But Listing's law does not
apply to some oculomotor systems, such as the vestibuloocular reflex
(VOR), which shows a different kinematic pattern. To explain this
different pattern, some authors have assumed that the pulleys must
adopt a different configuration, retracting along their muscles when
the eye switches from Listing's law to VOR mode. The proposed retraction has not so far been observed, although the pulleys do move
in other ways. We show that the hypothetical retraction of the pulleys
would not in fact explain the full kinematic pattern seen in the VOR.
But this pattern can be explained entirely on the basis of pulley
positions and motions that have actually been observed. If one takes
into account the neural processing within the VOR, specifically the
fact that the reflex is weak in the torsional dimension, then a single
mode of pulley action can serve both vestibuloocular kinematics and
Listing's law.
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