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J Neurophysiol 86: 1983-1990, 2001;
0022-3077/01 $5.00
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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 4 October 2001, pp. 1983-1990
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society

Synchronization of Neuronal Activity in the Human Primary Motor Cortex by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: An EEG Study

T. Paus,1 P. K. Sipila,2 and A. P. Strafella1

 1Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; and  2BioMag Laboratory, Medical Engineering Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 HUS, Finland

Paus, T., P. K. Sipila, and A. P. Strafella. Synchronization of Neuronal Activity in the Human Primary Motor Cortex by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: An EEG Study. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 1983-1990, 2001. Using multichannel electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated temporal dynamics of the cortical response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS was applied over the left primary motor cortex (M1) of healthy volunteers, intermixing single suprathreshold pulses with pairs of sub- and suprathreshold pulses and simultaneously recording EEG from 60 scalp electrodes. Averaging of EEG data time locked to the onset of TMS pulses yielded a waveform consisting of a positive peak (30 ms after the pulse P30), followed by two negative peaks [at 45 (N45) and 100 ms]. Peak-to-peak amplitude of the P30-N45 waveform was high, ranging from 12 to 70 µV; in most subjects, the N45 potential could be identified in single EEG traces. Spectral analysis revealed that single-pulse TMS induced a brief period of synchronized activity in the beta range (15-30 Hz) in the vicinity of the stimulation site; again, this oscillatory response was apparent not only in the EEG averages but also in single traces. Both the N45 and the oscillatory response were lower in amplitude in the 12-ms (but not 3-ms) paired-pulse trials, compared with the single-pulse trials. These findings are consistent with the possibility that TMS applied to M1 induces transient synchronization of spontaneous activity of cortical neurons within the 15- to 30-Hz frequency range. As such, they corroborate previous studies of cortical oscillations in the motor cortex and point to the potential of the combined TMS/EEG approach for further investigations of cortical rhythms in the human brain.




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