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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 4 October 2001, pp. 2011-2028
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Visual Science, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
Jones, H. E.,
K. L. Grieve,
W. Wang, and
A. M. Sillito.
Surround Suppression in Primate V1. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 2011-2028, 2001. We investigated the spatial
organization of surround suppression in primate primary visual cortex
(V1). We utilized drifting stimuli, configured to extend either from
within the classical receptive field (CRF) to surrounding visual space,
or from surrounding visual space into the CRF or subdivided to generate
direction contrast, to make a detailed examination of the strength,
spatial organization, direction dependence, mechanisms, and laminar
distribution of surround suppression. Most cells (99/105, 94%) through
all cortical layers, exhibited suppression (mean reduction 67%) to uniform stimuli exceeding the CRF, and 43% exhibited a more than 70%
reduction. Testing with an annulus revealed two different patterns of
surround influence. Some cells (37% of cells), classical surround
suppression (CSS) cells exhibited responses to an annulus encroaching
on the CRF that were less than the plateau in the spatial summation
curve. The majority (63%), center-gated surround suppression (CGSS)
cells, showed responses to annuli that equaled or exceeded the plateau
in the spatial summation curve. Analysis suggested the CSS mechanism
was implemented in all cells while the CGSS mechanism was implemented
in varying strength across the sample with the extreme reflected in
cells that gave larger responses to annuli than to a center stimulus.
Reversing the direction of motion of the portion of the stimulus
surrounding the CRF revealed four different patterns of effect: no
reduction in the degree of suppression (22% of cells), a reduction in
surround suppression (41%), a facilitation of the response above the
level to the inner stimulus alone (37%), and a facilitation of the
response above that to the inner stimulus alone that also exceeded the
values associated with an optimal inner stimulus. The facilitatory
effects were only seen for reverse direction interfaces between the
central and surrounding stimulus at diameters equal to or more than the CRF size. The zones driving the suppressive influences and the direction contrast facilitation were often spatially heterogeneous and
for a number of cells bore strong comparison with the class of behavior
reported for surround mechanisms in MT. This suggests a potential role,
for example, in extracting information about motion contrast in the
representation of the three dimensional structure of moving objects.
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