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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 5 November 2001, pp. 2344-2352
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
1Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; 2Department of Physics, The American University, Washington 20016; and 3Department of Neurology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007
Umeno, Marc M. and
Michael E. Goldberg.
Spatial Processing in the Monkey Frontal Eye Field. II.
Memory Responses. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 2344-2352, 2001. Monkeys and humans can easily make accurate saccades
to stimuli that appear and disappear before an intervening saccade to a
different location. We used the flashed-stimulus task to study the
memory processes that enable this behavior, and we found two different
kinds of memory responses under these conditions. In the short-term
spatial memory response, the monkey fixated, a stimulus appeared for 50 ms outside the neuron's receptive field, and from 200 to 1,000 ms
later the monkey made a saccade that brought the receptive field onto
the spatial location of the vanished stimulus. Twenty-eight of 48 visuomovement cells and 21/32 visual cells responded significantly
under these circumstances even though they did not discharge when the
monkey made the same saccade without the stimulus present or when the
stimulus appeared and the monkey did not make a saccade that brought
its spatial location into the receptive field. Response latencies
ranged from 48 ms before the beginning of the saccade (predictive
responses) to 272 ms after the beginning of the saccade. After the
monkey made a series of 16 saccades that brought a stimulus into the
receptive field, 21 neurons demonstrated a longer term, intertrial
memory response: they discharged even on trials in which no stimulus
appeared at all. This intertrial memory response was usually much
weaker than the within-trial memory response, and it often lasted for
over 20 trials. We suggest that the frontal eye field maintains a
spatially accurate representation of the visual world that is not
dependent on constant or continuous visual stimulation, and can last
for several minutes.
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