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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 5 November 2001, pp. 2413-2425
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94115
Missal, M. and
S. J. Heinen.
Facilitation of Smooth Pursuit Initiation by Electrical
Stimulation in the Supplementary Eye Fields. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 2413-2425, 2001. The role of the supplementary eye
fields (SEF) during smooth pursuit was investigated with electrical
microstimulation. We found that stimulation in the SEF increased the
acceleration and velocity of the eyes in the direction of target motion
during smooth pursuit initiation but not during sustained pursuit. The increase in eye velocity during initiation will be referred to as
pursuit facilitation and was observed at sites where saccades could not
be evoked with the same stimulation parameters. On average, electrical
stimulation increased eye velocity by ~20%. At most sites, the
threshold for a significant facilitation was 50 µA with a stimulation
frequency of 300 Hz. Facilitation of pursuit initiation depended on the
timing of stimulation trains. The effect was most pronounced if the
stimulation was delivered before smooth pursuit initiation. On average,
eye velocity in stimulation trials increased linearly as a function of
eye velocity in control trials, and this function had a slope greater
than one, suggesting a multiplicative influence of the stimulation.
Stimulation during a fixation task did not evoke smooth eye movements.
The latency of catch-up saccades was increased during facilitation, but
their accuracy was not affected. Saccades toward stationary targets
were not affected by the stimulation. The results are further evidence
that the SEF plays a role in smooth pursuit in addition to its known
role in saccade planning and suggest that this role may be to control the gain of smooth pursuit during initiation. The covariance between pursuit facilitation and the timing of the catch-up saccade as a result
of stimulation suggests that these different eye movements systems are
coordinated to achieve a common goal.
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