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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 86 No. 5 November 2001, pp. 2559-2570
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Laboratory of Neural Control, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
Kinoshita, Masaharu and
Hidehiko Komatsu.
Neural Representation of the Luminance and Brightness of a
Uniform Surface in the Macaque Primary Visual Cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 2559-2570, 2001. The perceived
brightness of a surface is determined not only by the luminance of the
surface (local information), but also by the luminance of its surround
(global information). To better understand the neural representation of
surface brightness, we investigated the effects of local and global
luminance on the activity of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1)
of awake macaque monkeys. Single- and multiple-unit recordings were
made from V1 while the monkeys were performing a visual fixation task. The classical receptive field of each neuron was identified as a region
responding to a spot stimulus. Neural responses were assessed using
homogeneous surfaces at least three times as large as the receptive
field as stimuli. We first examined the sensitivity of neurons to
variation in local surface luminance, while the luminance of the
surround was held constant. The activity of a large majority of
surface-responsive neurons (106/115) varied monotonically with changes
in surface luminance; in some the dynamic range was over 3 log units.
This monotonic relation between surface luminance and neural activity
was more evident later in the stimulus period than early on. The effect
of the global luminance on neural activity was then assessed in 81 of
the surface-responsive neurons by varying the luminance of the surround
while holding the luminance of the surface constant. The activity of
one group of neurons (25/81) was unaffected by the luminance of the
surround; these neurons appear to encode the physical luminance of a
surface covering the receptive field. The responses of the other
neurons were affected by the luminance of the surround. The effects of
the luminances of the surface and the surround on the activities of 26 of these neurons were in the same direction (either increased or
decreased), while the effects on the remaining 25 neurons were in
opposite directions. The activities of the latter group of neurons
seemed to parallel the perceived brightness of the surface, whereas the former seemed to encode the level of illumination. There were differences across different types of neurons with regard to the layer
distribution. These findings indicate that global luminance information
significantly modulates the activity of surface-responsive V1 neurons
and that not only physical luminance, but also perceived brightness, of
a homogeneous surface is represented in V1.
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