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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 1 January 2002, pp. 209-221
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
University Laboratory of Physiology, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
Prince, S.J.D.,
B. G. Cumming, and
A. J. Parker.
Range and Mechanism of Encoding of Horizontal Disparity in
Macaque V1. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 209-221, 2002. The responses of single cortical neurons were measured
as a function of the binocular disparity of dynamic random dot
stereograms for a large sample of neurons (n = 787)
from V1 of the awake macaque. From this sample, we selected 180 neurons
whose tuning curves were strongly tuned for disparity, well sampled and
well described by one-dimensional Gabor functions. The fitted
parameters of the Gabor functions were used to resolve three
outstanding issues in binocular stereopsis. First, we considered
whether tuning curves can be meaningfully divided into discrete tuning
types. Careful examination of the distributions of the Gabor parameters
that determine tuning shape revealed no evidence for clustering. We conclude that a continuum of tuning types is present. Second, we
investigated the mechanism of disparity encoding for V1 neurons. The
shape of the disparity tuning function can be used to distinguish between position-encoding (in which disparity is encoded by an interocular shift in receptive field position) and phase-encoding (in
which disparity is encoded by a difference in the receptive field
profile in the 2 eyes). Both position and phase encoding were found to
be common. This was confirmed by an independent assessment of disparity
encoding based on the measurement of disparity sensitivity for
sinusoidal luminance gratings of different spatial frequencies. The
contributions of phase and position to disparity encoding were compared
by estimating a population average of the rate of change in firing rate
per degree of disparity. When this was calculated separately for the
phase and position contributions, they were found to be closely
similar. Third, we investigated the range of disparity tuning in V1 as
a function of eccentricity in the parafoveal range. We find few cells
which are selective for disparities greater than
±1° even at the largest eccentricity of
~5°. The preferred disparity was correlated with the
spatial scale of the tuning curve, and for most units lay within a
±
radians phase limit. Such a size-disparity correlation
is potentially useful for the solution of the correspondence problem.
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