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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 1 January 2002, pp. 49-61
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
Morgan, Peter T.,
Jian Jing,
Ferdinand S. Vilim, and
Klaudiusz R. Weiss.
Interneuronal and Peptidergic Control of Motor Pattern
Switching in Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 49-61, 2002. It has been proposed that a choice of
specific behaviors can be mediated either by activation of
behavior-specific higher order neurons or by distinct combinations of
such neurons in different behaviors. We examined the role that two
higher order neurons, CBI-2 and CBI-3, play in the selection of motor
programs that correspond to ingestion and egestion, two
stimulus-dependent behaviors that are generated by a single central
pattern generator (CPG) of Aplysia. We found that CBI-2
could evoke either ingestive, egestive, or ambiguous motor programs
depending on the regime of stimulation. When CBI-2 recruited CBI-3
firing via electrical coupling, the motor program tended to be
ingestive. In the absence of CBI-3 activation, the program was usually
egestive. When CBI-2 was stimulated to produce ingestive programs,
hyperpolarization of CBI-3 converted the programs to egestive or
ambiguous. When CBI-2 was stimulated to produce egestive or ambiguous
programs, co-stimulation of CBI-3 converted them into ingestive. These
findings are consistent with the idea that combinatorial commands are
responsible for the choice of specific behaviors. Additional support
for this view comes from the observations that appropriate stimulus
conditions exist both for activation of CBI-2 together with CBI-3, and
for activation of CBI-2 without a concomitant activation of CBI-3. The
ability of CBI-3 to convert egestive and ambiguous programs into
ingestive ones was mimicked by application of APGWamide, a neuropeptide
that we have detected in CBI-3 by immunostaining. Thus combinatorial
actions of higher order neurons that underlie pattern selection may
involve the use of modulators released by specific higher order neurons.
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