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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 1 January 2002, pp. 508-515
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Physiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
Takikawa, Yoriko,
Reiko Kawagoe, and
Okihide Hikosaka.
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity
in Monkey Caudate Neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 508-515, 2002. Many neurons show anticipatory activity in
learned tasks. This phenomenon appears to reflect the brain's ability
to predict future events. However, what actually is predicted is
unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of
four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a
group of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus (CD) showed activity before presentation of an instruction cue stimulus. Among 329 CD
neurons that were related to memory-guided saccade tasks, 156 showed
the precue activity and 91 of them were examined fully. Remarkably, the
magnitude of the precue activity varied across the four blocks of the
one-direction-rewarded (1DR) condition, depending on which direction
was rewarded. A majority of neurons with precue activity (83/91, 91%)
showed significant directional preference. The best and worst
directions were usually in the contralateral and ipsilateral
directions, respectively. Within a block, the precue activity increased
rapidly for the best direction in 1DR and decreased gradually for the
worst direction in 1DR and all-directions-rewarded (ADR) condition. The
precue activity was weak in ADR. The precue activity did not reflect
the likelihood of a particular cue stimulus, because the probability of
the cue appearing in each direction was the same regardless of the
rewarded direction. These results suggest that each CD neuron indicates a particular position-reward association prospectively, usually with
contralateral preference. Assuming that the CD neurons have access to
saccadic motor outputs, the precue activity would create a motivational
bias toward the contralateral space, even before an instruction is
given by the cue stimulus.
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