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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 2 February 2002, pp. 1018-1027
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
1Department of Neurobiology, 2Department of Psychology, and 3Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; and 4Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
Ringach, D. L.,
C. E. Bredfeldt,
R. M. Shapley, and
M. J. Hawken.
Suppression of Neural Responses to Nonoptimal Stimuli Correlates
With Tuning Selectivity in Macaque V1. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 1018-1027, 2002. Neural responses in
primary visual cortex (area V1) are selective for the orientation and
spatial frequency of luminance-modulated sinusoidal gratings.
Selectivity could arise from enhancement of the cell's response by
preferred stimuli, suppression by nonoptimal stimuli, or both. Here, we
report that the majority of V1 neurons do not only elevate their
activity in response to preferred stimuli, but their firing rates are
also suppressed by nonoptimal stimuli. The magnitude of suppression is
similar to that of enhancement. There is a tendency for net response
suppression to peak at orientations near orthogonal to the optimal for
the cell, but cases where suppression peaks at oblique orientations are
observed as well. Interestingly, selectivity and suppression correlate
in V1: orientation and spatial frequency selectivity are higher for
neurons that are suppressed by nonoptimal stimuli than for cells that
are not. This finding is consistent with the idea that suppression
plays an important role in the generation of sharp cortical
selectivity. We show that nonlinear suppression is required to account
for the data. However, the precise structure of the neural circuitry
generating the suppressive signal remains unresolved. Our results are
consistent with both feedback and (nonlinear) feed-forward inhibition.
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