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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 2 February 2002, pp. 1106-1117
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
Institut für Biologie
Neurobiologie, Freie Universität
Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
Sachse, Silke and
C. Giovanni Galizia.
Role of Inhibition for Temporal and Spatial Odor Representation
in Olfactory Output Neurons: A Calcium Imaging Study. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 1106-1117, 2002. The primary
olfactory brain center, the antennal lobe (AL) in insects or the
olfactory bulb in vertebrates, is a notable example of a neural network
for sensory processing. While physiological properties of the input,
the olfactory receptor neurons, have become clearer, the operation of
the network itself remains cryptic. Therefore we measured
spatio-temporal odor-response patterns in the output neurons of the
olfactory glomeruli using optical imaging in the honeybee Apis
mellifera. We mapped these responses to identified glomeruli,
which are the structural and functional units of the AL. Each odor
evoked a complex spatio-temporal activity pattern of excited and
inhibited glomeruli. These properties were odor- and
glomerulus-specific and were conserved across individuals. We compared
the spatial pattern of excited glomeruli to previously published
signals, which derived mainly from the receptor neurons, and found that
they appeared more confined, showing that inhibitory connections
enhance the contrast between glomeruli in the AL. To investigate the
underlying mechanisms, we applied GABA and the GABA-receptor antagonist
picrotoxin (PTX). The results show the presence of two separate
inhibitory networks: one is GABAergic and modulates overall AL
activity, the other is PTX-insensitive and glomerulus-specific.
Inhibitory connections of the latter network selectively inhibit
glomeruli with overlapping response profiles, in a way akin to
"lateral" inhibition in other sensory systems. Selectively
inhibited glomeruli need not be spatial neighbors. The net result is a
globally modulated, contrast-enhanced and predictable representation of
odors in the olfactory output
neurons.
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