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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 2 February 2002, pp. 761-775
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Neurology and Paralyzed Veterans Association/Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association Neuroscience Research Center, Yale Medical School, New Haven 06510; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
Renganathan, M.,
T. R. Cummins, and
S. G. Waxman.
Nitric Oxide Blocks Fast, Slow, and Persistent
Na+ Channels in C-Type DRG Neurons by
S-Nitrosylation. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 761-775, 2002. C-type dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
neurons express three types of Na+ currents: fast
TTX-sensitive, slow TTX-resistant, and persistent TTX-resistant
Na+ currents. The nitric oxide (NO) donors
papa-NONOate and
S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine inhibit all three types of Na+ currents. The NO
scavenger hemoglobin abolished the effects of papa-NONOate on
Na+ currents, indicating that NO or NO-related
species inhibit these Na+ currents. NO donor
inhibition of all three types of Na+ currents was
reversed by washout. Incubation of neurons with 8-bromo cGMP, a
membrane-permeable analogue of cGMP, and cG-PKI, an inhibitor of
cGMP-dependent protein kinase, had no effect on papa-NONOate-mediated
Na+ current block, demonstrating that
Na+ current inhibition is independent of cGMP.
Alkylation of free thiols with N-ethylmaleimide prevented
the actions of papa-NONOate, suggesting that NO, or a related reactive
nitrogen species, modifies sulfhydryl groups on
Na+ channels or a closely associated protein.
Papa-NONOate-mediated block of Na+ currents is
not due to a hyperpolarizing shift in steady state voltage-dependent
inactivation. The absence of NO-mediated enhancement of slow
inactivation in fast and slow Na+ channels
indicates that NO does not inhibit fast and slow
Na+ channels by facilitating the transition to a
slow inactivated state. These results demonstrate that inhibition of
Na+ currents is not due to the modulation of fast
and slow sodium channel inactivation. Taken together, these results
show that NO or NO-related products modify the sulfhydryl groups on
Na+ channels and inhibit
Na+ currents by blocking the channel conductance.
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