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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 2 February 2002, pp. 802-818
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology, and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
Tanaka, Masaki and
Stephen G. Lisberger.
Enhancement of Multiple Components of Pursuit Eye Movement by
Microstimulation in the Arcuate Frontal Pursuit Area in Monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 802-818, 2002. Periarcuate frontal cortex is involved in the control of smooth
pursuit eye movements, but its role remains unclear. To better understand the control of pursuit by the "frontal pursuit area" (FPA), we applied electrical microstimulation when the monkeys were
performing a variety of oculomotor tasks. In agreement with previous
studies, electrical stimulation consisting of a train of 50-µA pulses
at 333 Hz during fixation of a stationary target elicited smooth eye
movements with a short latency (~26 ms). The size of the elicited
smooth eye movements was enhanced when the stimulation pulses were
delivered during the maintenance of pursuit. The enhancement increased
as a function of ongoing pursuit speed and was greater during pursuit
in the same versus opposite direction of the eye movements evoked at a
site. If stimulation was delivered during pursuit in eight different
directions, the elicited eye velocity was fit best by a model
incorporating two stimulation effects: a directional signal that drives
eye velocity and an increase in the gain of ongoing pursuit eye speed
in all directions. Separate experiments tested the effect of
stimulation on the response to specific image motions. Stimulation
consisted of a train of pulses at 100 or 200 Hz delivered during
fixation so that only small smooth eye movements were elicited. If the
stationary target was perturbed briefly during microstimulation,
normally weak eye movement responses showed strong enhancement. If
delivered at the initiation of pursuit, the same microstimulation
caused enhancement of the presaccadic initiation of pursuit for steps
of target velocity that moved the target either away from the position
of fixation or in the direction of the eye movement caused by
stimulation at the site. Stimulation in the FPA increased the latency
of saccades to stationary or moving targets. Our results show that the
FPA has two kinds of effects on the pursuit system. One drives smooth eye velocity in a fixed direction and is subject to on-line gain control by ongoing pursuit. The other causes enhancement of both the
speed of ongoing pursuit and the responses to visual motion in a
way that is not strongly selective for the direction of pursuit. Enhancement may operate either at a single site or at multiple sites.
We conclude that the FPA plays an important role in on-line gain
control for pursuit as well as possibly delivering commands for the
direction and speed of smooth eye motion.
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