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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 2 February 2002, pp. 819-833
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
Merfeld, D. M. and
L. H. Zupan.
Neural Processing of Gravitoinertial Cues in Humans. III.
Modeling Tilt and Translation Responses. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 819-833, 2002. All linear accelerometers measure
gravitoinertial force, which is the sum of gravitational force (tilt)
and inertial force due to linear acceleration (translation). Neural
strategies must exist to elicit tilt and translation responses from
this ambiguous cue. To investigate these neural processes, we developed
a model of human responses and simulated a number of motion paradigms used to investigate this tilt/translation ambiguity. In this model, the
separation of GIF into neural estimates of gravity and linear acceleration is accomplished via an internal model made up of three
principal components: 1) the influence of rotational
cues (e.g., semicircular canals) on the neural representation of
gravity, 2) the resolution of gravitoinertial force into
neural representations of gravity and linear acceleration, and
3) the neural representation of the dynamics of the
semicircular canals. By combining these simple hypotheses within the
internal model framework, the model mimics human responses to a number
of different paradigms, ranging from simple paradigms, like roll tilt,
to complex paradigms, like postrotational tilt and centrifugation. It
is important to note that the exact same mechanisms can explain
responses induced by simple movements as well as by more complex
paradigms; no additional elements or hypotheses are needed to match the
data obtained during more complex paradigms. Therefore these modeled
response characteristics are consistent with available data and with
the hypothesis that the nervous system uses internal models to estimate
tilt and translation in the presence of ambiguous sensory cues.
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