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J Neurophysiol 87: 1646-1650, 2002;
0022-3077/02 $5.00
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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 3 March 2002, pp. 1646-1650
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society

RAPID COMMUNICATION

What Triggers Catch-Up Saccades During Visual Tracking?

Sophie de Brouwer,1,2 Demet Yuksel,2 Gunnar Blohm,1,2 Marcus Missal,3 and Philippe Lefèvre1,2

 1Centre for Systems Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve;  2Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; and  3Smith Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94115

de Brouwer, Sophie, Demet Yuksel, Gunnar Blohm, Marcus Missal, and Philippe Lefèvre. What Triggers Catch-Up Saccades During Visual Tracking?. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 1646-1650, 2002. When tracking moving visual stimuli, primates orient their visual axis by combining two kinds of eye movements, smooth pursuit and saccades, that have very different dynamics. Yet, the mechanisms that govern the decision to switch from one type of eye movement to the other are still poorly understood, even though they could bring a significant contribution to the understanding of how the CNS combines different kinds of control strategies to achieve a common motor and sensory goal. In this study, we investigated the oculomotor responses to a large range of different combinations of position error and velocity error during visual tracking of moving stimuli in humans. We found that the oculomotor system uses a prediction of the time at which the eye trajectory will cross the target, defined as the "eye crossing time" (TXE). The eye crossing time, which depends on both position error and velocity error, is the criterion used to switch between smooth and saccadic pursuit, i.e., to trigger catch-up saccades. On average, for TXE between 40 and 180 ms, no saccade is triggered and target tracking remains purely smooth. Conversely, when TXE becomes smaller than 40 ms or larger than 180 ms, a saccade is triggered after a short latency (around 125 ms).




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