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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 4 April 2002, pp. 1867-1888
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
Division of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
Ghose, Geoffrey M.,
Tianming Yang, and
John H. R. Maunsell.
Physiological Correlates of Perceptual Learning in Monkey
V1 and V2. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 1867-1888, 2002. Performance in visual discrimination tasks improves with
practice. Although the psychophysical parameters of these improvements have suggested the involvement of early areas in visual cortex, there
has been little direct study of the physiological correlates of such
perceptual learning at the level of individual neurons. To examine how
neuronal response properties in the early visual system may change with
practice, we trained monkeys for more than 6 mo in an orientation
discrimination task in which behaviorally relevant stimuli were
restricted to a particular retinal location and oriented around a
specific orientation. During training the monkeys' discrimination
thresholds gradually improved to much better than those of naive
monkeys or humans. Although this improvement was specific to the
trained orientation, it showed little retinotopic specificity. The
receptive field properties of single neurons from regions representing
the trained location and a location in the opposite visual hemifield
were measured in V1 and V2. In most respects the receptive field
properties in the representations of the trained and untrained regions
were indistinguishable. However, in the regions of V1 and V2
representing the trained location, there were slightly fewer neurons
whose optimal orientation was near the trained orientation. This
resulted in a small but significant decrease in the V1
population response to the trained orientation at the trained location.
Consequently, the observed neuronal populations did not exhibit any
orientation-specific biases sufficient to explain the orientation
specificity of the behavioral improvement. Pooling models suggest that
the behavioral improvement was accomplished with a task-dependent and
orientation-selective pooling of unaltered signals from early visual
neurons. These data suggest that, even for training with stimuli suited
to the selectivities found in early areas of visual cortex, behavioral
improvements can occur in the absence of pronounced changes in the
physiology of those areas.
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