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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 87 No. 4 April 2002, pp. 2064-2073
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Neurology with Center for Sensorimotor Research, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
Schneider, Erich,
Stefan Glasauer, and
Marianne Dieterich.
Comparison of Human Ocular Torsion Patterns During Natural and
Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 2064-2073, 2002. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS)
is reported to induce interindividually variable tonic ocular torsion
(OT) and superimposed torsional nystagmus. It has been proposed that
the tonic component results from the activation of otolith afferents.
We tested our hypothesis that both the tonic and the phasic OT are
mainly due to semicircular canal (SCC) stimulation by examining whether
the OT patterns elicited by GVS can be reproduced by pure SCC
stimulations. Using videooculography we measured the OT of six healthy
subjects while two different stimuli with a duration of 20 s were
applied: 1) transmastoidal GVS steps of 2 mA with the head
in a pitched nose-down position and 2) angular head
rotations around a combined roll-yaw axis parallel to the gravity
vector with the head in the same position. The stimulation profile was
individually scaled to match the nystagmus properties from GVS and
consisted of a sustained velocity step of 4-12°/s on which a
velocity ramp of 0.67-2°/s2 was superimposed.
Since blinks were reported to induce transient torsional eye movements,
the subjects were also asked to blink once 10 s after stimulus
onset. Analysis of torsional eye movements under both conditions
revealed no significant differences. Thus we conclude that both the
tonic and the phasic OT responses to GVS can be reproduced by pure
rotational stimulations and that the OT-related effects of GVS on SCC
afferents are similar to natural stimulations at small amplitudes.
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