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The Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 88 No. 4 October 2002, pp. 2000-2018
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
1Canadian Institute of Health Research Group in Sensory-Motor Systems, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; and 2Laboratory of Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
Corneil, Brian D.,
Etienne Olivier, and
Douglas P. Munoz.
Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior
Colliculus. II. Gaze Shift Initiation and Volitional Head
Movements. J. Neurophysiol. 88: 2000-2018, 2002. We report
neck muscle activity and head movements evoked by electrical
stimulation of the superior colliculus (SC) in head-unrestrained monkeys. Recording neck electromyography (EMG) circumvents
complications arising from the head's inertia and the kinetics of
muscle force generation and allows precise assessment of the
neuromuscular drive to the head plant. This study served two main
purposes. First, we sought to test the predictions made in the
companion paper of a parallel drive from the SC onto neck muscles.
Low-current, long-duration stimulation evoked both neck EMG responses
and head movements either without or prior to gaze shifts, testifying
to a SC drive to neck muscles that is independent of gaze-shift
initiation. However, gaze-shift initiation was linked to a transient
additional EMG response and head acceleration, confirming the presence
of a SC drive to neck muscles that is dependent on gaze-shift
initiation. We forward a conceptual neural architecture and suggest
that this parallel drive provides the oculomotor system with the
flexibility to orient the eyes and head independently or together,
depending on the behavioral context. Second, we compared the EMG
responses evoked by SC stimulation to those that accompanied volitional head movements. We found characteristic features in the underlying pattern of evoked neck EMG that were not observed during volitional head movements in spite of the seemingly natural kinematics of evoked
head movements. These features included reciprocal patterning of EMG
activity on the agonist and antagonist muscles during stimulation, a
poststimulation increase in the activity of antagonist muscles, and
synchronously evoked responses on agonist and antagonist muscles regardless of initial horizontal head position. These results demonstrate that the electrically evoked SC drive to the head cannot be
considered as a neural replicate of the SC drive during volitional head
movements and place important new constraints on the interpretation of
electrically evoked head movements.
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