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J Neurophysiol (November 1, 2002). 10.1152/jn.00901.2001
Submitted on 2 November 2001
Accepted on 1 July 2002
Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Bagesteiro, Leia B. and
Robert L. Sainburg.
Handedness: Dominant Arm Advantages in Control of Limb Dynamics. J. Neurophysiol. 88: 2408-2421, 2002. Recent findings from our laboratory suggest that a major factor
distinguishing dominant from nondominant arm performance is the ability
by which the effects of intersegmental dynamics are controlled by the
CNS. These studies indicated that the dominant arm reliably used more
torque-efficient patterns for movements made with similar speeds and
accuracy than nondominant arm movements. Whereas, nondominant
hand-path curvatures systematically varied with the amplitude of the
interaction torques transferred between the segments of the moving
limb, dominant hand-path curvatures did not. However, our previous
studies did not distinguish whether dominant arm coordination
advantages emerged from more effective control of dynamic factors or
were simply a secondary effect of planning different kinematics. The
purpose of this study was to further investigate interlimb differences
in coordination through analysis of inverse dynamics and
electromyography recorded during the performance of reaching movements.
By controlling the amplitude of intersegmental dynamics in the current
study, we were able to assess whether systematic differences in
torque-efficiency exist, even when differences in hand-path shape were
minimal. Subject's arms were supported in the horizontal plane by a
frictionless air-jet system and were constrained to movements about the
shoulder and elbow joints. Two targets were designed, such that the
interaction torques elicited at the elbow were either large or small.
Our results showed that the former produced large differences in
hand-path curvature, whereas the latter did not. Additionally, the
movements with small differences in hand-path kinematics showed
substantial differences in torque patterns and corresponding EMG
profiles which implied a more torque-efficient strategy for the
dominant arm. In view of these findings we propose that distinct neural control mechanisms are employed for dominant and nondominant arm movements.
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