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J Neurophysiol (November 1, 2002). 10.1152/jn.00267.2002
Submitted on 11 April 2002
Accepted on 2 August 2002
1Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy and The W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030; and 2Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5230
Heidelberger, Ruth,
Zhen-Yu Zhou, and
Gary Matthews.
Multiple Components of Membrane Retrieval in Synaptic Terminals
Revealed by Changes in Hydrostatic Pressure. J. Neurophysiol. 88: 2509-2517, 2002. Membrane retrieval
following exocytosis in synaptic terminals is fast and compensatory,
however, little is known about the factors that regulate or contribute
to this special form of endocytosis. We used whole-terminal capacitance
measurements to examine the effect of hydrostatic pressure on
compensatory endocytosis in single synaptic terminals of retinal
bipolar neurons. We report that a small increase in hydrostatic
pressure reversibly inhibits compensatory endocytosis. Elevation in
hydrostatic pressure does not block all membrane retrieval, however. A
small, fast component of endocytosis persists, while a slower component
is inhibited. When the hydrostatic pressure is then stepped back to a
near-neutral setting, an even slower form of endocytosis is observed
that restores the resting membrane capacitance to baseline. Thus even
when endocytosis is temporally uncoupled from calcium entry and
exocytosis, it can still be compensatory, indicating that presynaptic
surface area is highly regulated. Our results suggest that at least two distinct mechanisms of membrane retrieval contribute to compensatory endocytosis. Given its dramatic inhibitory effect on membrane retrieval, we suggest that hydrostatic pressure be carefully controlled when studying endocytosis in the whole cell recording configuration.
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