J Neurophysiol (December 1, 2002). 10.1152/jn.00149.2002
Submitted on 1 March 2002
Accepted on 8 August 2002

Free Radical-Mediated Cell Damage After Experimental Status Epilepticus in Hippocampal Slice Cultures

 ¹Department of Neurochemistry, Chemical Institute, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1025, Hungary; and  ²Johannes Müller Institute of Physiology, Humboldt University, D-10117 Berlin, Germany

Kovács, Richard, Sebastian Schuchmann, Siegrun Gabriel, Oliver Kann, Julianna Kardos, and Uwe Heinemann. Free Radical-Mediated Cell Damage After Experimental Status Epilepticus in Hippocampal Slice Cultures. J. Neurophysiol. 88: 2909-2918, 2002. Generation of free radicals may have a key role in the nerve cell damage induced by prolonged or frequently recurring convulsions (status epilepticus). Mitochondrial function may also be altered due to production of free radicals during seizures. We therefore studied changes in field potentials (fp) together with measurements of extracellular, intracellular, and intramitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]e, [Ca²⁺]i, and [Ca²⁺]m, respectively), mitochondrial membrane potential (), NAD(P)H auto-fluorescence, and dihydroethidium (HEt) fluorescence in hippocampal slice cultures by means of simultaneous electrophysiological and microfluorimetric measurements. As reported previously, each seizure-like event (SLE) resulted in mitochondrial depolarization associated with a delayed rise in oxidation of HEt to ethidum, presumably indicating ROS production. We show here that repeated SLEs led to a decline in intracellular and intramitochondrial Ca²⁺ signals despite unaltered Ca²⁺ influx. Also, mitochondrial depolarization and the NAD(P)H signal became smaller during recurring SLEs. By contrast, the ethidium fluorescence rises remained constant or even increased from SLE to SLE. After about 15 SLEs, activity changed to continuous afterdischarges with steady depolarization of mitochondrial membranes. Staining with a cell death marker, propidium iodide, indicated widespread cell damage after 2 h of recurring SLEs. The free radical scavenger, -tocopherol, protected the slice cultures against this damage and also reduced the ongoing impairment of NAD(P)H production. These findings suggest involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of mitochondrial origin in the epileptic cell damage and that free radical scavenging may prevent status epilepticus-induced cell loss.