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J Neurophysiol (December 1, 2002). 10.1152/jn.00255.2002
Submitted on 8 April 2002
Accepted on 20 August 2002
Center for Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616
Heuer, Hilary W. and
Kenneth H. Britten.
Contrast Dependence of Response Normalization in Area MT of the
Rhesus Macaque. J. Neurophysiol. 88: 3398-3408, 2002. Contrast normalization is a process whereby responses
of neurons are scaled according to the total amount of contrast in a region of the image nearby the receptive field of a neuron. This process allows neurons to code for informative scene or object attributes in a manner unaffected by changes in illumination. Evidence
for normalization is seen in striate and extrastriate cortex from
experiments where multiple stimuli are presented with a single
receptive field (RF). Neuronal responses in such experiments are
smaller than that predicted by linear summation, revealing the presence
of normalization. While the presence of normalization is often clear,
its mechanism is less so. To study the mechanism of normalization, we
measured the interaction between pairs of brief local stimuli (spatial
Gabor functions) within the RFs of cells in the middle temporal (MT or
V5) area of monkeys and varied both the location and contrast of the
stimuli. We found response summed approximately linearly when contrast
was low but rapidly became normalized as stimulus contrast increased.
The rapid transition to effective normalization at low contrasts
suggested cooperativity in the normalization, and a model embodying
such a cooperative step provided a good account of our data.
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