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J Neurophysiol (December 1, 2002). 10.1152/jn.00188.2002
Submitted on 14 March 2002
Accepted on 2 August 2002
Section of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
Constantinidis, Christos and
Patricia
S. Goldman-Rakic.
Correlated Discharges Among Putative Pyramidal Neurons and
Interneurons in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 88: 3487-3497, 2002. Neurophysiological recordings
have revealed that the discharges of nearby cortical cells are
positively correlated in time scales that range from millisecond
synchronization of action potentials to much slower firing rate
co-variations, evident in rates averaged over hundreds of milliseconds.
The presence of correlated firing can offer insights into the patterns
of connectivity between neurons; however, few models of population
coding have taken account of the neuronal diversity present in cerebral
cortex, notably a distinction between inhibitory and excitatory cells.
We addressed this question in the monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
by recording neuronal activity from multiple micro-electrodes,
typically spaced 0.2-0.3 mm apart. Putative excitatory and inhibitory
neurons were distinguished based on their action potential waveform and
baseline discharge rate. We tested each pair of simultaneously recorded
neurons for presence of significant cross-correlation peaks and
measured the correlation of their averaged firing rates in successive
trials. When observed, cross-correlation peaks were centered at
time 0, indicating synchronous firing consistent with two
neurons receiving common input. Discharges in pairs of putative
inhibitory interneurons were found to be significantly more strongly
correlated than in pairs of putative excitatory cells. The degree of
correlated firing was also higher for neurons with similar spatial
receptive fields and neurons active in the same epochs of the
behavioral task. These factors were important in predicting the
strength of both short time scale (<5 ms) correlations and of
trial-to-trial discharge rate covariations. Correlated firing was only
marginally accounted for by motor and behavioral variations between
trials. Our findings suggest that nearby inhibitory neurons are more
tightly synchronized than excitatory ones and account for much of the
correlated discharges commonly observed in undifferentiated cortical
networks. In contrast, the discharge of pyramidal neurons, the
sole projection cells of the cerebral cortex, appears largely
independent, suggesting that correlated firing may be a property
confined within local circuits and only to a lesser degree propagated
to distant cortical areas and modules.
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